Detailansicht
Physiology and Pharmacology of Bone
Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology 107
ISBN/EAN: 9783642779930
Umbreit-Nr.: 4381115
Sprache:
Englisch
Umfang: xxv, 762 S., 31 farbige Illustr., 762 p. 31 illus.
Format in cm:
Einband:
kartoniertes Buch
Erschienen am 22.12.2011
Auflage: 1/1993
- Zusatztext
- Inhaltsangabe1 Calcium Homeostasis.- A. Introduction and Scope.- B. Concepts of Homeostasis.- C. Extracellular Fluid Free Calcium: The Controlled Variable.- D. Parathyroid Hormone: The Controlling Variable.- I. Afferent Loop: Effects of Calcium on PTH Secretion.- II. Efferent Loop: Effects of PTH on Free Calcium.- III. Short-Term Regulation as a Function of Parathyroid Status.- E. Other Calciotropic Hormones.- I. Calcitriol.- II. Calcitonin.- F. External Balance and Turnover of Calcium.- I. Dietary Intake and Intestinal Absorption.- II. Renal Excretion.- III. Role of Intestine and Kidney in Calcium Homeostasis.- G. Bone and Bone Mineral in Relation to Calcium Homeostasis.- I. Aspects of Bone Remodeling.- II. Role of Bone Remodeling in Calcium Homeostasis.- III. Quiescent Bone Surfaces.- IV. Circulation of Bone, Macro and Micro.- V. Bone Mineral: Composition and Structure.- VI. Movement of Calcium Ions in and out of Bone.- VII. Blood-Bone Equilibrium and Its Homeostatic Function.- VIII. Blood-Bone Equilibrium: Physiochemical and Cellular Mechanism.- H. Integration of Skeletal and Mineral Homeostasis.- References.- 2 Bone Remodeling and Bone Structure.- A. Introduction.- B. Bone Macro- and Microanatomy.- I. Cortical Bone.- II. Cancellous Bone.- C. Bone Remodeling.- I. Quantum Concept of Bone Remodeling.- II. Coupling Phenomenon.- D. Evaluation of Bone Remodeling and Structure.- I. Surface Area Estimates.- E. Evaluation of Bone Resorption.- I. Cortical Bone.- II. Cancellous Bone.- F. Evaluation of Bone Formation.- I. Cortical Bone.- II. Cancellous Bone.- G. Bone Balance.- I. Cortical Bone.- II. Cancellous Bone.- III. Calculation of Activation Frequency.- IV. Calculation of Tissue Level Indices of Turnover.- H. Indices Pertaining to Cancellous Bone Structure.- I. Trabecular Bone Volume.- II. Marrow Space Star Volume.- I. The Bone Resorption Sequence.- I. Cancellous Bone.- II. Cortical Bone.- J. The Bone Formation Sequence.- I. Cancellous Bone.- II. Cortical Bone.- III. The Bone Structural Unit.- K. Bone Remodeling and Bone Loss.- L. Reversible Bone Loss.- I. Cancellous Bone.- II. Cortical Bone.- M. Irreversible Bone Loss.- I. Cortical Bone.- II. Cancellous Bone.- III. Bone Turnover and Bone Loss.- N. Implications for Bone Mass Measurements.- O. Physiological Ageing Processes in Bone: Differences Between Females and Males.- I. Bone Loss in Cortical Bone.- II. Bone Loss in Cancellous Bone.- P. Relationship Between Bone Structure and Bone Strength.- I. Cancellous Bone.- Q. Bone Remodeling in Metabolic Bone Disease.- I. High and Low Turnover Bone Disease.- II. Bone Remodeling in Osteoporosis.- R. Final Remarks and Future Perspectives.- References.- 3 Biology of the Osteoclast.- A. Introduction.- B. Main Morphological Features of the Osteoclast.- C. Structure-Function Relationship.- D. Motility, Attachment, and Establishment of the Bone-Resorbing Compartment.- I. Cytoskeletal Organization.- II. Attachment Apparatus.- 1. Clear Zone.- 2. Podosomes and the Sealing Zone.- 3. Role of Integrins.- 4. Regulation of Bone Resorption and the Attachment Apparatus.- E. Proteins Destined for Export: Biosynthetic and Secretory Functions of the Osteoclast.- I. Lysosomal Enzymes.- II. Nature and Specificity of the Secreted Enzymes.- III. Generation of Oxygen-Derived Free Radicals and Synthesis and Secretion of Other Proteins by the Osteoclast.- F. Cytosolic and Membrane Proteins: Membrane Composition and Ion Transport.- I. Apical Membrane and the Process of Acidification.- II. Role of the Basolateral Membrane and Ion Channels in Acidification, Intracellular pH, and Membrane Potential Regulation.- III. Handling and Regulatory Role of Calcium.- G. Conclusion.- References.- 4 Osteoblasts: Differentiation and Function.- A. Introduction.- B. Mature Members of the Osteoblast Lineage: Definitions.- C. Origin of Osteoblasts.- D. Osteoblast Lineage.- E. Protein Products of Osteoblasts.- F. Factors That Influence Osteoblast Differentiation.- G. Model of Osteoblast Differenti