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Anthropoid Origins
New Visions, Developments in Primatology: Progress and Prospects
ISBN/EAN: 9781461347002
Umbreit-Nr.: 5653632
Sprache:
Englisch
Umfang: xxix, 749 S., 136 s/w Illustr., 8 farbige Illustr.
Format in cm:
Einband:
kartoniertes Buch
Erschienen am 19.04.2013
Auflage: 1/2004
- Zusatztext
- The study ofanthropoid origins continues to be a lightning rod for research in paleoanthropology. Issuessurrounding anthropoid origins impact the higher leveltaxonomy ofprimates, adaptivescenariosfor basalprimate radiations, and the timing of origination of the major primate clades. Basic questions about anthropoid evolution remain unanswered. Where do anthropoids fit phyloge netically among primates? Where and when did the group originate? What functional and adaptive innovations characterize anthropoids today and what is the adaptive significanceand phylogenetic history ofthese innovations? The fossil record of early anthropoid evolution has greatly improved in recent years. Developments in systematictechniques and theory, as well as the burgeoning molecular evidence, make this an ideal time for these fossil discoveries to be placed in the context of data on the relationships among living primates. There isan improved understandingoffunction and adaptation in the visual system, brain, and masticatory apparatus, key anatomical systems where anthropoid synapomorphies are concentrated. New methods for estimating visualacuity and activitypatterns in fossil primates are providing insights into the evolution ofthe visualsystem. The rapid accumulation ofinformation on color vision in primates, including new genetic evidence of possible trichro macyin strepsirrhines, and new behavioraldata on the benefitsofcolor vision, makes this an exciting time to evaluate the role of chromatic perception in anthropoid evolution. Research into the primate visualsystem by neuroscien tists has generated a plethoraofimportant data in recent years, making this an ideal time to bring these researchers together with anthropologists.
- Autorenportrait
- Inhaltsangabe1: Introduction.- 1. Evolving Perspectives of Anthropoidea.- Essentialism.- Rationalism.- Parallelism.- "Intentional Vagueness".- Phylogenetic Hypotheses: From Vagueness to Precision.- Is Anthropoidea a Monophyletic Group, and what are its Synapomorphic Features?.- To which Group of Fossil or Extant Primates is Anthropoidea most Closely Related?.- Are there Asian Eocene Anthropoids?.- Origins of Crown Anthropoids.- Adaptive Explanations for Anthropoid Origins.- Cartmill.- Cachel.- Rosenberger.- Ross.- Hylander and Ravosa.- Function and Phylogeny in Anthropoid Evolution.- Acknowledgments.- References.- 2: Anthropoid Evolutionary Relationships.- Molecular Phylogeny and Dating of Early Primate Divergences.- The Position of Primates in the Mammalian Tree.- Phylogeny and Dating of Early Primate Divergences.- Methods.- Results and Discussion.- Phylogenetic Position of Tarsiers.- Dating of Early Primate Divergences.- Conclusions.- Acknowledgments.- References.- Molecular Cladistic Markers and the Infraordinal Phylogenetic Relationships of Primates.- Tarsins: A Disputed Split in Primate Phylogeny.- Retropositions as Molecular, Cladistic, Phylogenetic Markers.- Mechanism of SINE Retroposition.- Functional Consequences of SINE Retropositions.- Chromosomal Target Sites.- Reversal of Retropositions.- SINE Fixation and Lineage Sorting.- SINEs as Evolutionary Landmarks.- Direct Repeats.- Alu-SINE Markers and Primate Evolution.- Origin and Nomenclature.- Alu Subfamilies: Successive Waves of Fixation.- Alu-SINEs and Primate Infraorders.- Screening of Human GenBank Entries.- PCR-Amplification and Sequencing.- Verification of Orthology and Independence.- Infraordinal Relationships of Primates and Alu-SINE Distribution.- References.- The Ancestral Genomes in Primate Phylogeny and Origins: A Molecular Cytogenetic Perspective.- Chromosome Painting in Primates.- Old World Monkeys and Apes.- New World Monkeys.- Strepsirrhines.- Tree Shrews.- Conclusions.- Ancestral Placental Mammalian Karyotype.- Ancestral Primate Karyotype.- Genomic Landmarks for the Origin of the Principal Divisions of Higher Primates.- The Genome of the Tarsier and Anthropoid Origins.- Comparative Chromosome Painting and Gene Mapping.- References.- Anthropoid Origins: A Phylogenetic Analysis.- Questions Surrounding Anthropoid Origins.- Is Anthropoidea a Monophyletic Group, and if so what are its Synapomorphic Features?.- To which Group of Fossil or Extant Primates is Anthropoidea most Closely Related?.- How do Asian Eocene Taxa (Eosimiidae and Amphipithecidae) Relate to Anthropoidea?.- How do Eocene and Oligocene African Anthropoids Relate to Platyrrhini and Catarrhini?.- Materials and Methods.- Characters.- Taxa.- Analyses.- Assumptions and Data Combinations.- Taxonomic Terminology.- Results.- Is Anthropoidea a Monophyletic Group?.- To which Group of Fossil or Extant Primates is Anthropoidea most Closely Related?.- How do Asian Eocene Amphipithecidae Relate to Anthropoidea?.- Other Problematic Anthropoids.- How do Parapithecidae, Propliopithecidae, and Oligopithecidae Relate to the Platyrrhini and Catarrhini?.- Preferred Tree.- Comparisons with Other Phylogenetic Analyses.- Geography.- Timing of the Branching of the Primate Clades.- Character Evolution.- Acknowledgments.- References.- 3: Fossil Anthropoids and the Biogeography of Anthropoid Origins.- Does Overlap Among the Adaptive Radiations of Omomyoids, Adapoids, and Early Anthropoids Cloud our Understanding of Anthropoid Origins?.- Adaptive Diversity of Early Primate Radiations.- Omomyoid Adaptive Radiation.- Adapoid Adaptive Radiation.- Eocene Anthropoid Adaptive Radiation.- Early Oligocene Anthropoids.- Discussion.- Tarsal Anatomy and Anthropoid Origins.- Evaluating Newly Proposed Anthropoid Synapomorphies.- Conclusions.- Acknowledgments.- References.- 7. Phylogenetic, Biogeographic, and Adaptive Implications of New Fossil Evidence Bearing on Crown Anthropoid Origins and Early Stem Catarrhine Evolution.- Oligopithecus, Cat